- Inleiding
“The idea of a universal human language goes back to at least the Bible, in which humanity spoke a common tongue, but were punished with mutual unintelligibility after trying to build the Tower of Babel all the way to heaven. Now scientists have reconstructed words from such a language.” (Ghose 2013)
“Language is more than an academic tool. It has idioms that offer a window into the lives and history of those who speak it.” (Zibi 2013: 6)
“A language is not just words. It’s a culture, a tradition, a unification of a community, a whole history that creates what a community is. It’s all embodied in a language.” (Noam Chomsky)
- Die ontstaan van die mens
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- Die konsep “taal”
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Koshelev, A.; A. Kravchenko & J. Smith 2020. On the Genesis of Thought and Language. The Emergence of Concepts and Propositions. The Nature and Structure of Human Category. Moskou: LRC Publishing House. Book URL: https://www.academicstudiespress.com/out-of-series/on-the-genesis-of-thought-and-language?rq=koshelev
Thierry, G. 2019. The power of language: we translate our thoughts into words, but words also affect the way we think. Geplaas 26 Febr. 2019. https://theconversation.com/the-power-of-language-we-translate-our-thoughts-into-words-but-words-also-affect-the-way-we-think-111801
Zeijlstra, H. 2020. De geniale eenvoud van taal. Wat ons allemaal tot talenwonder maakt. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Wereldbibliotheek.
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- Die oorsprong, ontwikkeling, evolusie van taal
“Weinig dingen zijn zo leuk als speculeren over de oorsprong van menselijke taal. Het is zo’n ingewikkeld systeem, waar komt dat allemaal vandaan, hoe is het ontstaan, hoe heeft het zich ontwikkeld? Omdat taal zo belangrijk is voor ons menszijn, lijkt het een vreselijk belangrijke vraag.” (M. Van Oostendorp 2017 – http://www.neerlandistiek.nl/2017/07/de-evolutie-van-grammatica-uit-het-zicht/ geplaas 21 Julie 2017)
Brits, E 2011. Oorsprong van mens in Afrika dáárom ontken.
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- Die Toring van Babel
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Internetskakel
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- Die ontwikkeling van skrifstelsels, ortografieë
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Ploos van Amstel 1929c. Die boek en sy geskiedenis III.
Aalbrecht 2013. Taal voor in bed, op het toilet of in bad, bl. 110-115.
Bakker 2012. Letters, wat zijn dat eigenlijk?, bl. 165-167.
Comrie e.a. 1998. De grote taalatlas: oorsprong en ontwikkeling van taal en schrift in de gehele wereld. (Deel 3, bl. 162-209.)
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Baron 2012. A Better Pencil. Readers, Writers and the Digital Revolution. (Ook oor die rol van tegnologie in die ontwikkeling van skrif en skryf.)
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2. Die historiese taalkunde vs. die geskiedenis van die taalkunde
“De historische taalkunde bestudeert hoe het moderne Nederlands is ontstaan uit oudere taalfasen en waar de taal- en spellingsregels die iedereen op school leert, vandaan komen. Het toepassen van die regels is niet meer dan een kunstje, waar maar weinig mensen plezier aan beleven. Veel interessanter wordt het echter als je de bron van die regels kent. ..
Voor wetenschappers in de dop zijn de fundamentele vragen die de historische taalkunde onderzoekt, intellectueel het meest uitdagend. Centraal staat de vraag hoe en waarom taal in de loop van de tijd verandert. Dát taal verandert is daarbij een gegeven.” (N. van der Sijs 2019 – https://www.neerlandistiek.nl/2019/02/waarom-historische-taalkunde/)
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Salmons 2012. A History of German. What the past reveals about today’s language.
Sampson, G. 1960. Schools of Linguistics.
Schreyer 2000. What’s wrong with the Historiography of Linguistics? bl. 205-208.
Sebeok (ed.) 1975. The historiography of Linguistics.
Sebeok (ed.) 2002. Portraits of linguists: a biographical source book for history of western linguistics, 1746 – 1963. Vol. 1: From Sir William Jones to Karl Brugmann. Vol. 2: From Eduard Sievers to Benjamin Lee Whorf.
SESA (Standard Encyclopedia of Southern Africa), Deel 1, 1970: 63-113.
Seuren 1998. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction.
Sihler 2000. Language history: An introduction.
Taylor, D.J. 1987. The History of Linguistics in the Classical Period.
Thomas, M. 2011. Fifty Key Thinkers on Language and Linguistics.
Vendryès 1949. Language – A linguistic introduction to history.
Brekle 1985. Einführung in die Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft.
Paul 2009 [1880]. Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte.
Aussant, E. & J-M. Fortis (eds.) 2020. History of Linguistics 2017. Selected papers from the 14th International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences, (ICHoLS 14), Paris, 28 August – 1 September. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Book URL: https://benjamins.com/catalog/sihols.127
Berson, J. 2017. The Topology of Endangered Languages. Signs and Society, 5(1): 96-123.
Jones, M.C. (ed.) 2019. Policy and Planning for Endangered Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Book URL: https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/sociolinguistics/policy-and-planning-endangered-languages?format=PB
Jones, M.C. (ed.) 2019. Endangered Languages and New Technologies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://linguistlist.org/issues/30/30-3430.html
Van der Sijs, N. 2019. Waarom historische taalkunde? Geplaas 1 Febr. 2019. https://www.neerlandistiek.nl/2019/02/waarom-historische-taalkunde/
Van Driem, George. 2018. Linguistic history and historical linguistics, Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 41 (1): 106-127.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013i. History of linguistics.
3. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die historiese en vergelykende taalwetenskap
“Our language places us in a cultural continuum, linking us to the past, and showing our meanings also to future fellow-speakers …” (Ostler 2006: xix)
“Begin 20e eeuw constateerden taalkundigen dat de geschiedenis van woorden nauw is verbonden aan de zaken die ze benoemen. De bestudering van de oorsprong en geschiedenis van woorden, de etymologie, geeft inzicht in culturele en maatschappelijke veranderingen: taal is een spiegel van de cultuur. Als bijvoorbeeld in een bepaalde periode veel woorden zijn overgenomen uit een bepaalde taal, is dat een bewijs dat die taal op dat moment sterke invloed had op het Nederlands. Die invloed kan het gevolg zijn van de politieke situatie. Zo nam het Nederlands veel Franse woorden over in de napoleontische tijd. Het kan ook gaan om culturele invloed, denk aan de vele Italiaanse leenwoorden op het gebied van kunst en muziek (opera, torso).” (N. van der Sijs 2019 –https://www.neerlandistiek.nl/2019/02/waarom-historische-taalkunde/)
Ruijsendaal 1991. Letterkonst. Het klassieke grammaticamodel en de oudste Nederlandse grammatica’s. (Hoofstuk 1, 2.)
Starr 1974. A History of the Ancient World.
Turner 2014. Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities.[2]
3.1.1 Die Babiloniese tradisie (nie-Westers)
Van Aswegen 1982. Die Verhaal van die Mensdom. (Hoofstukke 2 en 4.)
De Blois & Van der Spek 2001. Een kennismaking met de oude wereld. (ʼn Goeie oorsigtelike bron oor die tydperk.)
Anoniem 2013. An outline of the history of linguistics, bl. 1-2.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 336.
Turner 2014. Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities.
Hovdhaugen 1982. Foundations of Western Linguistics.
Janson 2002. Speak. A short history of languages, bl. 57-68.
Koerner & Asher (eds.) 1995. Concise history of the language sciences. From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. (hoofstukke: Gragg 1995; asook Tené oor Hebreeus en Suleiman oor Arabies)
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 427-430.
Law 2003. The History of Linguistics in Europe. From Plato to 1600, bl. 9-10.
Lepschy (ed.) 1994a. History of Linguistics I: The Eastern Tradition of Linguistics, bl. 61-96. (Hierin is ook inligting oor linguistiese ondersoek in ander nie-Westerse tradisies, soos in Hebreeus (bl. 97-163) en Arabies (bl. 164-185).)
Starr 1974. A History of the Ancient World.
Szemerénski 1999. Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 8-13.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013ee. Mesopotamië.
Vergelyk Luragi & Bubenik 2010. Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources, bl. 26-35 oor ʼn verskeidenheid datakorpusse in die betrokke tale. In hierdie geval Egiptiese hiërogliewe, Akkadiese en Sumeriese spykerskrif, Arabies en Hebreeus (bl. 27-29)
- Oor nie-Westerse tradisies (Arabies, Hebreeus, Indië, China, Japan)
Koerner & Asher (eds.) 1995. Concise history of the language sciences. From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. (hoofstukke: Gragg 1995 oor die Babiloniese tradisie; asook Tené oor Hebreeus, Suleiman oor Arabies, Wang & Asher oor Chinees, Kaiser oor Japannees, Kiparsky 1995 oor Indies (Sanskrit)).
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 446-455.
3.1.2 Die Grieke
Van Aswegen 1982. Die Verhaal van die Mensdom. (Hoofstuk 15.)
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 1-2.
Vos 2014. Fragmente uit die Ilias – Homeros.
Elffers 1993. De taalkunde en haar geschiedschrijving.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 18-21.
Elffers 2012. Over de geschiedenis van de taalkunde, bl. 217-219.
Ruijsendaal 1991. Letterkonst. Het klassieke grammaticamodel en de oudste Nederlandse grammatica’s. (Hoofstuk 1.)
Anoniem 2013. An outline of the history of linguistics, bl. 2-3.
Arens 1984. Aristotle’s Theory of Language and its Tradition: Texts from 500 to 1750.
Assunçāo e.a. (eds.) 2016. History of Linguistics 2014.
Beekes 2014. Pre-Greek. Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 3-4.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 428.
Householder 1981. The Syntax of Apollonius Dyscolus translated, and with commentary.
Hovdhaugen 1982. Foundations of Western Linguistics.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics.(Hoofstuk 2.)
Janson 2002. Speak. A short history of languages, bl. 69-88.
Kemp 1986. The Tekhnē grammatikē of Dionysius Thrax translated into English.
Koerner & Asher (eds.) 1995. Concise history of the language sciences. From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. (hoofstukke: D.J. Taylor 1995a; Householder 1995a, 1995b, 1995c, 1995d)
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 428-430.
Ostler 2006. Empires of the word. A language history of the world, bl. 227-271.
Penny (ed.) 2005. Indo-European Perspectives. (Dele 2, 3 en 4.)
Pinborg 1975. Classical Antiquity: Greece, bl. 69-126.
Robins 1957. Dionysius Thrax and the Western Grammatical Tradition, 67-106.
Sonnenschein 2014. The Soul of Grammar.
Starr 1974. A History of the Ancient World.
Szemerénski 1999. Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 1-13.
Turner 2014. Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities.
Brandenburg s.j. Apollonius Dyskolos. Über das Pronomen. Einführung, Text, Übersetzung und Erlauterungen.
Internetskakels
Wikipedia 2013i. History of linguistics, bl. 3-5.
Wikipedia 2013ff. Aristoteles.
Vergelyk Luragi & Bubenik 2010. Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources, bl. 26-35 oor ‘n verskeidenheid datakorpusse in die betrokke tale. In hierdie geval Grieks (bl. 30-31).
3.1.3 Die Romeine
Van Aswegen 1982. Die Verhaal van die Mensdom. (Hoofstukke 19 en 20.)
Van der Merwe e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 3.
Bloemendal 2016. Latijn. Cultuurgeschiedenis van een wereldtaal.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 19-21.
Ruijsendaal 1991. Letterkonst. Het klassieke grammaticamodel en de oudste Nederlandse grammatica’s. (Hoofstuk 2.)
Anoniem 2013. An outline of the history of linguistics, bl. 3.
Assunçāo e.a. (eds.) 2016. History of Linguistics 2014.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 3-4.
Claiborne 1977. Who were the Indo-Europeans?, bl. 261-282.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 429.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstuk 4.)
Janson 2002. Speak. A short history of languages, bl. 99-107.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Koerner & Asher (eds.) 1995. Concise history of the language sciences. From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. (hoofstukke: D.J. Taylor 1995a, 1995b, 1995c; Hovdhaugen 1995)
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 430-433.
Lindberg, D. 2007. The Beginnings of Western Science.
Sonnenschein 2014. The Soul of Grammar.
Starr 1974. A History of the Ancient World.
Taylor, D.J. 1987. The History of Linguistics in the Classical Period.
Taylor, D.J. 1995b. Varro and Early Latin Language Science, bl. 103-107.
Turner 2014. Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities.
Wilson, P. 2016. The Holy Roman Empire: A Thousand Years of Europe’s History. Londen: Penguin.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013i. History of linguistics, bl. 5.
- Vergelyk Luragi & Bubenik 2010. Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources, bl. 26-35 oor ‘n verskeidenheid datakorpusse in die betrokke tale. In hierdie geval Latynse korpusse (bl. 31-32).
- Die Indiërs
Van Aswegen 1982. Die Verhaal van die Mensdom. (Hoofstuk 33.)
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 1-2.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 18-21.
Anoniem 2013. An outline of the history of linguistics, bl. 2-3.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 3-4.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 429.
Itkonen 1991. Universal history of linguistics: India, China, Arabia, Europe.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstuk 3.)
Janson 2002. Speak. A short history of languages.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Koerner & Asher (eds.) 1995. Concise history of the language sciences. From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. (hoofstukke: Kiparsky 1995, Staal 1995, asook Deshpande en Zvelebil.)
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 448-450.
Momma 2015. From Philology to English Studies. (Hoofstuk 2.)
Starr 1974. A History of the Ancient World.
Szemerénski 1999. Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 1-13.
Internetskakels
Wikipedia 2013i. History of linguistics, bl. 3-5.
Wikipedia 2013l. Sanskriet.
Wikipedia 2013gg. Pānini.
Wikipedia 2013hh. Sutra.
- Vergelyk Luragi & Bubenik 2010. Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources, bl. 26-35 oor ‘n verskeidenheid datakorpusse in die betrokke tale. In hierdie geval Sanskrit (bl. 29-30).
3.2 Die Middeleeue (1 000 – 1 550 n.C.)
Van Aswegen 1982. Die Verhaal van die Mensdom. (Hoofstuk 36 en 37.)
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 1-2.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 21-22.
Ruijsendaal 1991. Letterkonst. Het klassieke grammaticamodel en de oudste Nederlandse grammatica’s. (Hoofstuk III.)
Anoniem 2013. An outline of the history of linguistics, bl. 3-4.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 4-5.
Bursill-Hall 1995. Linguistics in the Later Middle Ages, bl. 130-134.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 430.
Hunt 1980. Collected Papers on the History of Grammar in the Middle Ages.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstuk 5.)
Jankowsky (ed.) 1995. History of Linguistics 1993.
Janson 2002. Speak. A short history of languages.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Lamb & Mitchell (eds.) 1991. Sprung from some common source.
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 433-443.
Lepschy (ed.) 1994a. History of Linguistics I: The Eastern Tradition of Linguistics, bl. 61-96. (Hierin is ook inligting oor linguistiese ondersoek in nie-Westerse tradisies, soos in Hebreeus (bl. 97-163) en Arabies (bl. 164-185).)
Luhtala 1995. Early Medieval Grammar, bl. 121-129.
Matthew 1983. Atlas of Medieval Europa. (Vgl. bl. 87-103 oor ‘Christendom on the move”.)
Metzger 1993. Important early translations of the Bible, bl. 35-49.
Penny (ed.) 2005. Indo-European Perspectives.
Vineis & Maierù 1994. Medieval Linguistics, bl. 134-346.
Wright (ed.) 1995. Latin and the Romance Languages in the Early Middle Ages.
Metzger, B.M. 1993. Important early translations of the Bible. Bibliotheca Sacra, 150: 35-49.
Internetskakels
Wikipedia 2013ii. Middeleeuwen.
Wikipedia 2013jj. Middeleeuwse literatuur.
- Vergelyk Luragi & Bubenik 2010. Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources, bl. 26-35 oor ‘n verskeidenheid datakorpusse in die betrokke tale. In hierdie geval Latyn, Hebreeus en Arabies.
3.3 Die Renaissance (ruweg 13de – 19de eeu)
Van Aswegen 1982. Die Verhaal van die Mensdom. (Hoofstuk 42.)
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 4-7.
Dibbets 1994. Een nieuw spoor van de Port-Royalgrammatica in Nederland.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 22-25.
Ruijsendaal 1991. Letterkonst. Het klassieke grammaticamodel en de oudste Nederlandse grammatica’s. (Hoofstuk IV.)
Anoniem 2013. An outline of the history of linguistics, bl. 3-4.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 5-6.
Clackson 1994. The linguistic relationship between Armenian and Greek.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 430.
Dekker, C. 1999. The Origin of Old Germanic Studies in the Low Countries. (Hoofstuk 5.)
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstukke 5 en 6.)
Jankowsky (ed.) 1995. History of Linguistics 1993.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Jespersen 1922. Language. Its nature and development, bl. 21-26.
Koerner & Asher (eds.) 1995. Concise history of the language sciences. From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. (ook die hoofstukke deur Richardson, Zamora en Kibbee).
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 443-445.
Padley 1976. Grammatical theory in Western Europe, 1500-1700, bl. 219-259.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013kk. Renaissance
- Oor Lambert Ten Kate
Daan 1994. Lambert ten Kate gevierd, bewonderd en vergeten, bl. 54-59.
De Vooys 1952. Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse taal, bl.140-141
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 24-25.
Noordegraaf 2005a. Amsterdamse kringen. Taalkunde en theologie rond 1700, bl. 17-34.
Noordegraaf 2005b. De geboorte en aenwasch der sprake. Lambert ten Kate over de redelijke mens, bl. 35-49.
Ten Cate 1987. Lambert ten Kate Hermansz (1674-1731): taalgeleerde en konts-minnaar.
Tollius 1812. Over Lambert ten Kate Hermansz, den voortreffelijken hoofd-grondlegger der Nederduitsche letterkunst, bl. 395-402.
Van der Bilt, I. 2009. Verwer, Ten Kate en het Wargaren van ’t Grammaticael.
Van der Wal 2009. Lambert ten Kate presenteert zijn taalwetenschappelijke aanpak.
Van Leuvensteijn 2009. Lambert ten Kates opbouwmissie: de Gemééne-lands-spraake.
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 442.
Noordegraaf 2004. A matter of time. Dutch philosophy of language in the eighteenth century, bl. 211-225.
Noordegraaf 2009. Lambert ten Kate and the logos. Religion and linguistics in the eighteenth century, bl. 62-74.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013ll. Lambert Ten Kate.
3.4 Oorgang van die 18de na die 19de eeu: die ontwikkel van ʼn historiese perspektief
3.4.1 Herontdekking van Sanskrit
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 8-9.
Elffers 1993. De taalkunde en haar geschiedschrijving.
Elffers 2012. Over de geschiedenis van de taalkunde, bl. 217-219.
Schrijnen 1905. Inleiding tot de studie der vergelijkende indogermaansche taalwetenschap.
Schrijnen1917. Handleiding bij de studie der Vergelijkende Indogermaansche Taalwetenschap, vooral met betrekking tot de Klassieke en Germaansche Talen.
Anderson, J.M. 2010. Historical linguistics, bl. 190-192.
Anoniem 2013. An outline of the history of linguistics, bl. 3-4.
Assunçāo e.a. (eds.) 2016. History of Linguistics 2014.
Benfey 1866 [1998]. Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Bopp 2010 [1880]. A Comparative Grammar of the Sanskrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Gothic, German, and Slavonic Languages.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 6-8.
Burrow 1973. The Sanskrit language.
Claiborne 1977. Who were the Indo-Europeans?, bl. 261-282.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 306.
Dinneen 1995. General linguistics, bl. 210-213.
Finegan & Besnier 1989. Language: Its structure and use, bl. 279-280.
Greenberg 1991. Some problems of Indo-European in historical perspective, bl. 125-140.
Ivic 1965. Trends in linguistics. (Hoofstukke 3, 6 en 7.)
Jankowsky (ed.) 1995. History of Linguistics 1993.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Jespersen 1922. Language. Its nature and development. (Hoofstukke I en II.)
Koerner & Asher (eds.) 1995. Concise history of the language sciences. From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. (die hoofstukke deur Jankowsky, MacMahon, Salmon).
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 443-445.
Law 2003. The History of Linguistics in Europe. From Plato to 1600, bl. 210-257.
Lehmann 1967. A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 7-20.
Lehmann 1993. Theoretical Basis of Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 289-297.
Monier-Williams 2001. English-Sanskrit Dictionary.
Ostler 2006. Empires of the word. A language history of the world, bl. 174-226.
Padley 1976. Grammatical theory in Western Europe, 1500-1700, bl. 219-259.
Rocher 1995. Discovery of Sanskrit by Europeans, bl. 188-191.
Schleicher 2010 [1874, 1877]. A Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European Sanskrit, Greek and Latin Languages.
Schultink 1992. The Historiography of Dutch Linguistics. A Diachronic Introduction, bl. 1-16.
Seuren 1998. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction.
Szemerénski 1999. Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 1-13.
Tamilcube 2013. English to Sanskrit and Sanskrit to English dictionary online.
Wilkins 2011. Grammar of the Sanskrit Language.
Wotton 1730. A discourse concerning the confusion of languages at Babel.
Bopp 2012 [1845]. Kritische Grammatik der Sanskrita-Sprache in kürzerer Fassung.
Von Schlegel 2014. Űber die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier.
Westphal 2013 [1873]. Vergleichende Grammatik der Indogermanischen Sprache.
Internetskakels
Wikipedia 2013l. Sanskriet.
Wikipedia 2013n. Indo-European studies.
Wikipedia 2013gg. Pānini.
- Sir William Jones
Cannon 1991. Jones’s “Sprung from common source”: 1786-1986.
Lamb & Mitchell (eds.) 1991. Sprung from some common source.
Lehmann 1967. A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 7-20.
Lehmann 1991. The process of linguistics, bl. 8-21.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013v. Sir William Jones.
3.4.2 Wilhelm von Humboldt: vader van die algemene taalwetenskap
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 10-11.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 27-28.
Anderson, J.M. 2010. Historical linguistics, bl. 190-192.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 7-8.
Collinge 1995a. The Main Strands of 19th Century Linguistics, bl. 195-200.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 15.
Greenberg 1991. Some problems of Indo-European in historical perspective, bl. 125-140.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Law 1990. Language and its students: the history of linguistics, bl. 444-445.
Lehmann 1967. A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 61-66.
Schultink 1992. The Historiography of Dutch Linguistics. A Diachronic Introduction, bl. 1-16.
Sebeok (ed.) 2002a. Portraits of linguists: a biographical source book for history of western linguistics, 1746 – 1963. Vol. 1: From Sir William Jones to Karl Brugmann.
Underhill 2013. Humboldt, Worldview and Language.
Ringmacher & McElvenny (eds.) 2016. Georg von der Gabelentz (1891) – Die Sprachwissenschaft.
Ihre Aufgaben, Methoden und bisherigen Ergebnisse. (Oor die Humboldtiaanse tradisie in die studie van die taalkunde.)
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013nn. Wilhelm von Humboldt.
3.4.3 Rasmus Rask: voorloper
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 10-11.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 26-27.
Anderson, J.M. 2010. Historical linguistics, bl. 190-192.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 6-7.
Collinge 1995a. The Main Strands of 19th Century Linguistics, bl. 195-200.
Collinge 1995b. History of Historical Linguistics, bl. 203-212.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 306.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstuk 7.)
Greenberg 1991. Some problems of Indo-European in historical perspective, bl. 127-129.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Lehmann 1967. A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 29-37.
Lehmann 1993. Theoretical Basis of Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 289-297.
Schultink 1992. The Historiography of Dutch Linguistics. A Diachronic Introduction, bl. 1-16.
Sebeok (ed.) 2002a. Portraits of linguists: a biographical source book for history of western linguistics, 1746 – 1963. Vol. 1: From Sir William Jones to Karl Brugmann.
Seuren 1998. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013t. Rasmus Christian Rask.
3.4.4 Oordeel oor die oorgang na die 19de eeu
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 10-12.
Claiborne 1977. Who were the Indo-Europeans?, bl. 261-282.
D’Alonzo, J. 2017. Ludwig Noiré and the Debate on Language Origins in the 19th Century. Historiographica Linguistica, 44(1): 47-71.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013n. Indo-European studies.
3.5 Die 19de eeu
3.5.1.1 Franz Bopp: vader van die vergelykende taalkunde
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 10-11.
Elffers 1993. De taalkunde en haar geschiedschrijving.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 26-27.
Anderson, J.M. 2010. Historical linguistics, bl. 190-192.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 6-7.
Campbell & Mixco 2007. A Glossary of Historical Linguistics.
Collinge 1995a. The Main Strands of 19th Century Linguistics, bl. 195-200.
Collinge 1995b. History of Historical Linguistics, bl. 203-212.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 306.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstukke 9 en 10.)
Greenberg 1991. Some problems of Indo-European in historical perspective, bl. 127-129.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Jespersen 1922. Language. Its nature and development. (Hoofstukke III en IV.)
Lehmann 1967. A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 38-45.
Lehmann 1993. Theoretical Basis of Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 289-297.
Schultink 1992. The Historiography of Dutch Linguistics. A Diachronic Introduction, bl. 1-16.
Seuren 1998. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction.
Westphal 2013 [1873]. Vergleichende Grammatik der Indogermanischen Sprache.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013u. Franz Bopp.
3.5.1.2 Jacob Grimm: Die Wet van Grimm
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 10-11.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 26-27.
Anderson, J.M. 2010. Historical linguistics, bl. 190-192.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 6-7.
Campbell & Mixco 2007. A Glossary of Historical Linguistics.
Collinge 1995a. The Main Strands of 19th Century Linguistics, bl. 195-200.
Collinge 1995b. History of Historical Linguistics, bl. 203-212.
Coulmas 2016. Guardians of Language: Twenty Voices through History.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 306, 338-339.
Dinneen 1995. General linguistics, bl. 218-221.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstuk 7.)
Greenberg 1991. Some problems of Indo-European in historical perspective, bl. 126-129.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Lehmann 1993. Theoretical Basis of Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 289-297.
Schultink 1992. The Historiography of Dutch Linguistics. A Diachronic Introduction, bl. 1-16.
Seuren 1998. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction.
Szemerénski 1999. Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 1-13.
Westphal 2013 [1873]. Vergleichende Grammatik der Indogermanischen Sprache.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013r. Jacob Grimm.
3.6 Verloop van histories-vergelykende taalstudie in die 19de eeu
3.6.1 Eerste periode (1830-1860)
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 16-17.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 26-27.
Van Anrooij e.a. 2004. Het Bio- en bibliografisch lexicon van de neerlandistiek.
Campbell & Mixco 2007. A Glossary of Historical Linguistics.
Collinge 1995a. The Main Strands of 19th Century Linguistics, bl. 195-200.
Collinge 1995b. History of Historical Linguistics, bl. 203-212.
Jankowsky (ed.) 1995. History of Linguistics 1993.
Jespersen 1922. Language. Its nature and development. (Hoofstuk IV.)
Lehmann 1967. A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 46-60.
Seuren 1998. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction.
Westphal 2013 [1873]. Vergleichende Grammatik der Indogermanischen Sprache.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013 oor Pott, Rapp en Bredsdorff
- Tweede periode (1861-1870)
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 10-11.
Elffers 1993. De taalkunde en haar geschiedschrijving.
Verburg 1952. Taal en functionaliteit.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 26-27.
Elffers 2012. Over de geschiedenis van de taalkunde, bl. 217-219.
Anderson, J.M. 2010. Historical linguistics, bl. 192-194.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 6-7.
Campbell & Mixco 2007. A Glossary of Historical Linguistics.
Claiborne 1977. Who were the Indo-Europeans?, bl. 261-282.
Collinge 1995a. The Main Strands of 19th Century Linguistics, bl. 195-200.
Collinge 1995b. History of Historical Linguistics, bl. 203-212.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 238, 302, 306.
Greenberg 1991. Some problems of Indo-European in historical perspective, bl. 127-129.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Jespersen 1922. Language. Its nature and development. (Hoofstuk IV.)
Lehmann 1967. A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics. (Hoofstukke oor Von Raumer, Schleicher en Whitney.)
Lehmann 1993. Theoretical Basis of Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 289-297.
Penny (ed.) 2005. Indo-European Perspectives. (Deel 6.)
Schultink 1992. The Historiography of Dutch Linguistics. A Diachronic Introduction, bl. 1-16.
Seuren 1998. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction.
Van den Bosch 2002. Friedrich Max Müller. A life devoted to the humanities.
Verburg 1998. Language and its functions: A Historico-Critical Study of Views Concerning the Functions of Language from the Pre-Humanistic-Philology of Orleans to the Rationalistic Philology of Bopp.
Klein, J.; B. Joseph, M. Fritz & M. Wenthe 2017. Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. Berlyn: De Gruyter Mouton.
Westphal 2013 [1873]. Vergleichende Grammatik der Indogermanischen Sprache.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013s. August Schleicher. (Ook oor Curtius, Von Raumer, Müller en Whitney.)
- Derde periode (1870-1900)
3.6.3.1 Hermann Paul: die rol van analogie
3.6.3.2 Karl Brugmann en Berthold Delbrück: vergelykende taalkunde
3.6.3.3 Henry Sweet: stigter van die moderne fonetiek
3.6.3.4 Leskien, Osthoff, Schuchardt
3.6.3.5 Ferdinand de Saussure: ordeskepper
Aarsleff 1982. From Locke to Saussure. Essays on the Study of Language and Intellectual History.
Allan 2010. The Western Classical Tradition in Linguistics.
Auroux e.a. 2000-2006. History of the Language Sciences. 3 Vols.
Campbell & Mixco 2007. A Glossary of Historical Linguistics.
Claiborne 1977. Who were the Indo-Europeans?, bl. 261-282.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 431.
Dinneen 1995. General linguistics, bl. 235-248.
Hale 2003. Neogrammarian Sound Change, bl. 343-368.
Harris, R.A. 1987. Reading Saussure.
Hock 2003. Analogical change, bl. 441-460.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstukke 10 en 11.)
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Komatsu & Wolf (eds.) 1997. Saussure’s Second Course on General Linguistics (1908-1909). From the Notebooks of Albert Riedlinger and Charles Patois.
Lehmann 1993. Theoretical Basis of Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 1-22, 290-297.
Penny (ed.) 2005. Indo-European Perspectives. (Deel 6.)
Polomé 1995. The development of Indo-European studies since the Neogrammarians.
Ritchie 2013. It’s time to challenge the notion that there is only one way to speak English.
Sanders & Pires 2006. General linguistics: De Saussure.
Sebeok (ed.) 2002b. Portraits of linguists: a biographical source book for history of western linguistics, 1746 – 1963. Vol. 2: From Eduard Sievers to Benjamin Lee Whorf.
Szemerénski 1999. Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics, bl. 1-13.
Seuren, P.A.M. 2018. Saussure and Sechehaye: Myth and Genius. A Study in the History of Linguistics and the Foundations of Language. Leiden: Brill. Book announced at http://linguistlist.org/issues/29/29-3261.html
Heringer 2013. Linguistik nach Saussure.
Noordegraaf, J. 2017. De Cours besproken: 100 jaar later. Geplaas 17 Junie 2017. http://www.neerlandistiek.nl/2017/06/de-cours-besproken-100-jaar-later/
Internetskakels
Wikipedia 2013w. Ferdinand de Saussure.
Wikipedia 2014 (147). Course in General Linguistics
En ook talle ander webblaaie op die internet:
- Asiado 2010. Ferdinand de Saussure on Structuralism, Linguistics, and Semiotics.
- Ferdinand de Saussure. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com
- Ferdinand de Saussure. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.com/Ferdinand_de_Saussure
3.6.3.6 Die impak van die 19de eeu
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 20-26.
Lecoutere & Grootaers 1948. Inleiding tot de Taalkunde en tot de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, bl. 35 e.v.
Elffers 2012. Over de geschiedenis van de taalkunde, bl. 217-219.
Elffers 1993. De taalkunde en haar geschiedschrijving.
Aarsleff 1982. From Locke to Saussure. Essays on the Study of Language and Intellectual History.
Allan 2010. The Western Classical Tradition in Linguistics.
Anoniem 2013. A outline of the history of linguistics, bl. 6-8.
Auroux e.a. 2000-2006. History of the Language Sciences. 3 vols.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics, bl. 8 e.v.
Collinge 1995a. The Main Strands of 19th Century Linguistics, bl. 195-200.
Collinge 1995b. History of Historical Linguistics, bl. 203-212.
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 431.
Ivic 1965. Trends in Linguistics. (Hoofstukke 10-14.)
Jankowsky 1972. The Neogrammarians: A Re-evaluation of their Place in the Development of Linguistic Science.
Janson 2012. The History of Languages. An introduction.
Jespersen 1922. Language. Its nature and development. (Hoofstuk IV.)
Lehmann 1967. A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics. (Hoofstukke oor Bruggmann en De Saussure.)
Luraghi & Bubenik 2010. Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources, bl. 1-8.
Penny (ed.) 2005. Indo-European Perspectives. (Deel 6.)
Schultink 1992. The Historiography of Dutch Linguistics. A Diachronic Introduction, bl. 1-16.
Sebeok (ed.) 2002a. Portraits of linguists: a biographical source book for history of western linguistics, 1746 – 1963. Vol. 1: From Sir William Jones to Karl Brugmann.
Seuren 1998. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013oo. Hugo Schuchardt
- Die term Junggrammatiker (Neogrammatici)
Dinneen 1995. General linguistics, bl. 221-223.
Jankowsky 1972. The Neogrammarians: A Re-evaluation of their Place in the Development of Linguistic Science.
Luraghi & Bubenik 2010. Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources, bl. 5-8.
Polomé 1995. The development of Indo-European studies since the Neogrammarians.
Internetskakel
Wikipedia 2013pp. Junggrammatiker.
3.7 Die 20ste eeu
Tabel met ʼn oorsig van die ontwikkeling van die taalkunde in die 20ste eeu – taalkundige rigtings asook die uitlig van die toepaslike hoofverteenwoordigers
| Benaderings tot die taalkunde | Komponente van die taalkunde | Belangrike verteenwoordigers |
| Fonetiek | Int.: P Ladefoged, T Maddieson, P Boersma, T Venneman, P Kiparsky, VJ van Heuven
Afr.: M de Villiers, DP Wissing, AE Coetzee SA: JC Roux, EB van Wyk, I Bekker, AJ van Rooy |
|
| Fonologie | Int.: M Halle, A Jenkins, Prince, P Smolensky, GN Clements, KP Monahan, P Ladefoged, R Kager, B Hayes, E Selkirk, VJ van Heuven, W Zonneveld
Afr.: M de Villiers, DP Wissing, AJ van Rooy, JGH Combrink, AW Coetzee SA: JC Roux, AJ van Rooy, EB van Wyk |
|
| Morfologie | Int.: G Booij, L Bauer, R Lieber, JL Bybee, M Haspelmath, M Aranoff, B Aarts, W Croft, H.Schultink, C Hamans
Afr.: JGH Combrink, W Kempen, MJ Posthumus, RP Botha, GB van Huyssteen SA: L Posthumus, A van der Spuy |
|
| Pragmatiek | Int.: D Hymes, J Searle, J. Austin, SC Levinson, G Cook, J Thomas, J Mey, L Horn, D Sperber, D Wilson, R Carston, D Blakemore
Afr.: GJ van Jaarsveld, A van Niekerk SA: C Anthonissen |
|
| Semantiek | Int.: J Lyons, A Cruse, A Reichling , A Wierzbicka, C Goddard, G Lakoff, D Geeraerts, Sperber & Wilson, P Grice, G Leech, JJ Katz, D Dowty, I Heim, B Partee, H de Swart
Afr.: M de Villiers, LG de Stadler, WJ de Klerk, GJ van Jaarsveld, A Carstens, CJ Conradie, WJ Botha |
|
| Sintaksis | Int.: R Quirk, GN Leech, RW Huddleston, G Pullum, D Biber, N Chomsky, P Culicover, J van der Auwera, PC Paardekooper, H Broekhuis, W Abraham
Afr.: W Kempen, FA Ponelis, AE Feinauer, JGH Combrink, H du Plessis, B Bosch SA: C Kruger, H Waher, K Huddlestone, J Oosthuizen, M de Vos, J Zeller, R Simango, T Biberauer |
|
| Sosiolinguistiek | Int.: W Labov, P Trudgill, JK Chambers, M Meyerhoff, Bernstein, Gumperz, L Milroy D Hymes, Brown & Yule, E Goffman, E Schegloff, H Sacks, M Atkinson, M Coulthard, J Sinclair, J Fishman, G Cook
Afr.: VN Webb, MCJ van Rensburg, H du Plessis, AE Coetzee, B Bosch, FS Hendricks SA: R Mesthrie, AJ van Rooy, V de Klerk, E Hurst, A Deumert |
|
| Taalsosiologie | Int.: –
Afr.: KP Prinsloo, VN Webb SA: S Coetzee-Van Rooy, A Deumert, C Dyers, C Antonissen |
|
| Sinchroniese benaderings tot die taalkunde | ||
| Antropologiese Taalkunde / Etnolinguistiek | Int.: E Sapir, B Whorf, G Palmer, K Harrison, B Norton
Afr.: EF Kotzé SA: S Coetzee van Rooy |
|
| Funksionele taalkunde | Int.: SC Dik, T Givon
Afr.: FA Ponelis SA: FA Ponelis |
|
| Generatiewe taalkunde | Int.: N Chomsky, J Ross, P Postal, R Jackendorff, A Radford, L Haegeman, H Lasnik, I Roberts
Afr.: MCJ van Rensburg, VN Webb SA: RP Botha, J Oosthuizen, J van Niekerk T Biberauer, M de Vos, H Waher |
|
| Grammatikalisering | Int.: JL Bybee, B Heine, C Lehman, T Kuteva., EC Traugott
Afr: CA Breed, CJ Conradie, R. Hendriks |
|
| Kasusgrammatika | Int.: C Fillmore,
Afr.: LG de Stadler |
|
| Kognitiewe linguistiek | Int.: RW Langacker, G Lakoff, R Dirven, G Radden, M Johnson, G Fauconnier, JR Taylor, B Comrie, L Talmy, T Givón, W Croft, A Goldberg
Afr.: WJ Botha, GB van Huyssteen, PH Swanepoel |
|
| Montague-grammatika | Int.: R Montague
Afr.: RS Kirsner |
|
| Praagse Skool | Int.: V Mathesius, N Trubetskoy, R Jakobson
Afr.: – SA: – |
|
| Sistemies-Funksionele Taalkunde | Int.: MAK Halliday, R Hasan, C Matthiessen, J Webster, J Martin, P White
Afr.: DM Wybenga, M Esterhuizen SA: EH Hubbard, R Adendorff |
|
| Strukturele taalkunde | Int.: F de Saussure, F Boas, E Sapir, L Bloomfield, Z Harris
Afr.: HJJM van der Merwe, FA Ponelis SA: W Lanham |
|
| Taalbeplanning | Int.: U Weinrich, H Kloss, B Spolsky, E Haugen, R Cooper, J Fishman, RB Baldauf, J Cobarrubias, NM Kamwangamalu, S Makoni, R Phillipson, R Dirven, N Fairclough
Afr.: KP Prinsloo, HGW du Plessis, MM Verhoef SA: VN Webb, N Alexander, LT du Plessis, A de V Cluver, K Heugh, Z Desai, TG Reagan, M. Madiba |
|
| Taalpolitiek | Int.: N Fairclough, J Taylor, T Skutnabb Kangas, R Philipson
Afr.: VN Webb, LT du Plessis, MM Verhoef, KP Prinsloo, JC Steyn, EF Kotzé SA: VN Webb, N Alexander, LT du Plessis |
|
| Toegepaste taalkunde | ||
| Akademiese Geletterdheid | Int.: T Lillis, R Ivanic, JP Gee, B Street, D Barton, M Hamilton, LL Blanton, M Canale, M Swain, J Cummins, N Fairclough, JP Gee, MAK Halliday, K Hyland, N Hornberger, G Kress, P Skehan, M Lea, M Paxton, J Parkinson, B Kumaravadivelu
Afr: TJ van Dyk, AJ Weideman SA: AJ Weideman, JL van der Walt, TJ van Dyk, A Carstens, HG Butler, I Fouché, SC van Schalkwyk, C Boughey, M Scott |
|
| Dialektologie | Int.: P Trudgill, W Wolfram, E Schneider, C Mair
Afr.: GG Kloeke, SA Louw, MCJ van Rensburg SA: R Mesthrie, I Bekker, EF Kotzé |
|
| Die onderrig van lees | Int.: –
Afr.: LE Combrink, M le Cordeur SA: EJ Pretorius, S Murray |
|
| Die onderrig van skryf | Int.: –
Afr.: – SA: JL van der Walt, B Spencer |
|
| Diskoersanalise | Int.: TA van Dijk, RA de Beaugrande ,D Tannen, N Fairclough, G Brown & G Yule, M McCarthey, G Kress, D Crystal, R Wodak
Afr.: DM Wybenga, B Bosch, A van Niekerk SA: EH Hubbard, S Hunt, R Adendorff, C Anthonissen, R Kachula |
|
| Forensiese linguistiek | Int.: –
Afr.: EF Kotzé SA: EF Kotzé |
|
| Korpuslinguistiek | Int.: T McEnery, A Wilson, R Quirk. D Bibber, J Sinclair, G Leech, S Greenbaum
Afr.: – SA: DJ Prinsloo, EH Hubbard, AJ van Rooy, S Hunt |
|
| Leksikografie | Int.: L Scerba, L Zgusta, HE Wiegand
Afr.: RH Gouws, LC Eksteen, FF Odendal, PH Swanepoel, EF Kotzé, WF Botha, A Carstens SA: JP Louw, D Prinsloo, RH Gouws |
|
| Leksikologie | Int.: –
Afr.: LC Eksteen, RH Gouws SA: – |
|
| Normatiewe taalkunde/ taalgebruikskunde | Int.: J Renkema, R Bartsch, Milroy & Milroy
Afr.: M de Villiers, FF Odendal, WAM Carstens SA: VN Webb |
|
| Ondertiteling | Int.: J Dries, J Ivarsson, M Carroll, C Dollerup, H Gottlieb
Afr.: – SA: JL Kruger, E Hefer |
|
| Psigolinguistiek | Int.: M Tomasello, T Harley, S Pinker, J Aitchison, T Scovel
SA: J Vorster, F Southwood, H Tappe, C Frenn |
|
| Rekenaarlinguistiek (met o.a. Taaltegnologie as produk) | Int.: D Jurafsky, JH Martin, W Daelemans, S Bird, RM Kaplan, Y Wilks, K Koskenniemi, H Somers, CD Manning, H Schütze, W Daelemans
Afr.: GB van Huyssteen SA: F de Wet, E Barnard, M Davel, C van Heerden, S Bosch, J Roux, L Pretorius, M Puttkammer |
|
| SA Gebaretaalontwikkeling | Int.: –
Afr.: H. Fourie Blair SA: PAO Akach, T Reagan, D Aarons |
|
| Stilistiek | Int.: HG Widdowson, M Short, G Leech, M Mahlberg
Afr.: H vd M Scholtz, DM Wybenga SA: EH Hubbard |
|
| Taalonderrig (insluitend vreemde- en tweedetaalonderrig) | Int.: K Hyland, I Leki, HG Widdowson, M Canale & M Swain, K Johnson, D Larsen-Freeman HH Stern, P Skehan, M Bygate, P Skehan & M Swain, D Larsen-Freeman
Afr.: H Kroes, N Roets SA: C van der Walt, EJ Pretorius, R Cromarty-Wildsmith, AJ Weideman, K Heugh, JL van der Walt, E Henning, E Evans, S Conradie |
|
| Taaltoetsing | Int.: A Davies, T McNamara, LF Bachman, AS Palmer, C Chapelle, D Douglas, C Weir, JC Alderson, C Clapham & D Wall, M Canale, A Kunan, JB Carrol, F Davidson, D Hymes, S Messick, RJ Sternberg, HG Widdowson, C Elder, K van de Poel
Afr.: TJ van Dyk SA: AJ Weideman, TJ van Dyk, N Yeld, JL van der Walt |
|
| Teks-/Dokumentontwerp | Int.: C Jansen
Afr.: PH Swanepoel, A Carstens, EO Saal, LG de Stadler SA: PH Swanepoel, LG de Stadler |
|
| Tekslinguistiek | Int.: RA de Beaugrande, RU Dressler
Afr.: DM Wybenga, WAM Carstens, B Bosch SA: EH Hubbard, EJ Pretorius |
|
| Teksredaksie | Int.: J Renkema
Afr.: WAM Carstens & K van de Poel SA: K van de Poel, WAM Carstens & J Linnegar; H Kruger |
|
| Tolking | Int: K de Bot, D Gerver, F Goldman-Eisler, S Kalina, H Kirchoff, B Moser-Mercer, F Pöchhacker, BC Seal, R Setton, J Xu
Afr: M Pienaar, MM Verhoef, T du Plessis, JWH Blaauw, M le Roux SA: M Erasmus, K Wallmach, A Kruger |
|
| Vertaalkunde | Int.: K Reiss, E Nida, H Vermeer, S Bassnett, A Lefevere, M Baker, J House, A Pym, D Robinson, L Venuti, P Newmark, M Baker
Afr.: JH Pickard, M Pienaar, A Beukes, K Marais, E Cornelius, AE Feinauer SA: J Naude, J Inggs, A Kruger, K Wallmach, AE Feinauer, K Marais |
|
| Diachroniese benaderings tot taalstudie | ||
| Geskiedenis van die taalkunde | Int.: EF Koerner, T Seboek, NE Collinge, D Crystal, JE Joseph, G Lepschy, J Noordegraaf, M Ruhlen, FJ Newmeyer, B Croft
Afr.: HJJM van der Merwe |
|
| Historiese taalkunde | Int.: L Bloomfield, E Sapir, JH Greenberg, WP Lehmann, K Allan, L Campbell, RL Trask, NE Collinge, BD Joseph, R Lass, S Romaine, J Faarlund, P van Reenen, O Fischer, C van Bree
Afr.: JL Franken, HJJM van der Merwe, J du P Scholtz, RH Pheiffer, EH Raidt, J Lubbe, FA Ponelis, MCJ van Rensburg, GJ de Klerk, CJ Conradie, EF Kotzé, PTR Roberge, H den Besten, A Davids SA: A Deumert, R Lass |
|
| Spesifieke taalgestremdheid | Int.: R van Hout
Afr./SA: F Southwood, O van Dulm |
|
| Taalgeskiedenis (van ʼn besondere taal) | Int.: B Comrie, M Ruhlen, D Crystal, MJ van der Wal, C van Bree, A van Loey, MC van den Toorn, J van der Horst, R Willemyns
Afr.: GS Nienaber, PJ Nienaber, HJJM van der Merwe, J du P Scholtz, MF Valkhoff, EH Raidt, CJ Conradie, MCJ van Rensburg, FA Ponelis, JC Steyn, EF Kotzé, LT du Plessis, WAM Carstens SA: G Butler, V de Klerk, R Mesthrie |
LET WEL: Voorstelle om die lys aan te pas of te verfyn, is uiters welkom. Stuur korrespondensie na: wannie.carstens@nwu.ac.za
- Oorsigbronne oor die taalkunde as dissipline
Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. e.a. 1971. Die opkoms en ontwikkeling van die taalwetenskap, bl. 26-37.
Boogaardt & Jansen (reds.) 2012. De taalcanon. Alles wat je altijd al had willen weten over taal.
De Groot 1968. Inleiding tot de Algemene Taalwetenschap; tevens, inleiding tot de grammatica van het hedendaagse Nederlands, bl. 380 e.v.
Fromkin, Rodman & Neijt 1986. Universele Taalkunde – Een Inleiding in de Algemene Taalwetenschap.
Koenen 2014. Het vermogen om te verlangen (9 letters). Gesprekken over taal en het menselijk brein. (51 gesprekke met taalkundiges oor taal en die ontwikkeling van taal.)
Muysken 1999. Talen. De toren van Babel.
Von Hamel 1945. Geschiedenis der Taalwetenschap.
Van Oostendorp 2013d. De wereldkaarten van Martin Haspelmath, bl. 94-95.
Akmajian e.a. 2010. Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication.
Allan (ed.) 2013. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. (Deel VI)
Anderson, J.M. 2010. Historical linguistics.
Anoniem 2013. An outline of the history of linguistics.
Aranoff & Rees-Miller (eds.) 2001. The Handbook of Linguistics.
Blake, B.J. 2008. All about language.
Bloomfield 1933 [1961]. Language.
Braber, N. & L. Morrish (eds.) 2015. Exploring Language and Linguistics.
Broeckx & Grohmann 2013. The Cambridge Handbook of Biolinguistics.
Brown & Anderson (eds.) 2006. Encyclopedia of languages and linguistics. Vol. 1-14.
Brown & Ogilvie 2009. Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World.
Britannica 2013. History of linguistics.
Burridge & Stebbins 2016. For the Love of Languages. An Introduction to Linguistics.
Campbell, L. 2001. The history of linguistics.
Chapman & Routledge 2005. Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language.
Chomsky 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax.
Chomsky 1980. Rules and representation.
Collinge (ed.) 1990. An Encyclopaedia of Language.
Croft 2014. Language structure in its human context: New direction for the languages sciences in the twenty-first century, 1-11.
Crystal 1969. What is linguistics?
Crystal 2010. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, bl. 432-433.
De Knop & Gilquin (eds.) 2016. Applied Construction Grammar.
Deutscher 2005. The unfolding of language. An evolutionary tour of mankind’s greatest invention.
Dixon 2009-2012. Basic Linguistic Theory. 3 Vols.
Ducrot & Todorov 1981. Encyclopedic dictionary of the sciences of language.
Duranti (ed.) 2004. Companion to Linguistic Anthropology.
Fischer 2004. A History of Language.
Genetti 2014. How Languages Work.
Goossens, L. 2010. Historical linguistics.
Gordon, M.J. 2012. Labov.
Gordon, W.T. 1996. Saussure for beginners, bl. 83-124.
Graffi 2017. Harris, Chomsky and the origins of transformational grammar, bl. 48-87.
Harris, R.A. 1993. The linguistics wars.
Hogan, P.C. (ed.) 2014. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences.
Holcombe 2012. Linguistics.
Ivic 1965. Trends in linguistics. (Hoofstukke 13-18.) (ʼn Ouer bron, maar heel oorsigtelik en bruikbaar.)
Jenkins, L. 2000. Biolinguistics: Exploring the Biology of Language.
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[1] Die kwessie hier ter sprake is die Tasmaniese taal Palawa Kani, wat volgens sprekers van die taal aan hulle behoort. Wikipedia het naamlik ʼn inskrywing van hierdie taal opgeneem en die hulpbronsentrum van Palawa Kani het hulle versoek om die inskrywing te verwyder. Regsgeleerdes is volgens Robertson 2014 van oordeel dat kunsmatige tale wel aan iemand kan behoort, maar nie ʼn taal wat wyd gebruik word nie.
[2] In hierdie boek vertel die outeur die verhaal van hoe die studie van taal en taaltekste aanleiding gegee het tot die moderne geesteswetenskappe en die totstandkoming van universiteite.